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(i) What is an ecosystem?
Answer: An ecosystem is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms (plants, animals, humans) with each other and their physical surroundings (air, water, soil, sunlight).
(ii) What do you mean by natural environment?
Answer: The natural environment consists of all living and non-living things that exist naturally on Earth, such as land, water, air, plants, and animals. It includes the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
(iii) Which are the major components of the environment?
Answer: The major components are:
- Natural Environment: Land (lithosphere), water (hydrosphere), air (atmosphere), and living things (biosphere).
- Human-made Environment: Buildings, roads, bridges, industries, etc.
- Human Beings: They interact with and modify the environment.
(iv) Give four examples of human-made environment.
Answer:
- Buildings (houses, schools, offices)
- Roads and bridges
- Parks and gardens
- Factories and industries
(v) What is lithosphere?
Answer: The lithosphere is the solid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of rocks, soil, and landforms like mountains, plateaus, and plains.
(vi) Which are the two major components of biotic environment?
Answer:
- Plants (Flora)
Animals (Fauna)
(vii) What is biosphere?
Answer: The biosphere is the narrow zone where land (lithosphere), water (hydrosphere), and air (atmosphere) interact to support life. It includes all living organisms and their surroundings.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?
✅ (b) Aquarium (It is human-made, while deserts and forests are natural.)
(ii) Which is not a component of human environment?
✅ (a) Land (Land is part of the natural environment, while religion and community are human-related.)
(iii) Which is a human-made environment?
✅ (c) Road (Mountains and seas are natural, while roads are built by humans.)
(iv) Which is a threat to the environment?
✅ (b) Growing population (Overpopulation leads to resource depletion and pollution.)
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?
✅ (b) Aquarium (It is human-made, while deserts and forests are natural.)
(ii) Which is not a component of human environment?
✅ (a) Land (Land is part of the natural environment, while religion and community are human-related.)
(iii) Which is a human-made environment?
✅ (c) Road (Mountains and seas are natural, while roads are built by humans.)
(iv) Which is a threat to the environment?
✅ (b) Growing population (Overpopulation leads to resource depletion and pollution.)
4. Give reasons.
(i) Man modifies his environment.
Answer: Humans modify the environment to fulfill their needs, such as building houses for shelter, growing crops for food, constructing roads for transport, and setting up industries for economic growth.
(ii) Plants and animals depend on each other.
Answer:
- Plants produce oxygen and food (through photosynthesis), which animals need to survive.
Animals help in pollination, seed dispersal, and providing nutrients (like manure) for plants.
They form a food chain, maintaining ecological balance.
5. Activity.
Imagine an ideal environment where you would love to live. Draw the picture of your ideal environment.
(Draw an ideal environment with elements like:)
- Clean air, rivers, and greenery (natural environment).
- Solar panels, parks, and cycle paths (eco-friendly human-made environment).
- Harmony between humans, plants, and animals.
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